Hello, World!
This tutorial will teach you to write and run your first Python program on a Mac. To start, we need to get some things straight. Programs are recipes you write to make your computer do things. These recipes are written in a programming language, which is a language close enough to human for you to write, and organized enough for a computer to read. Running Python 3. There are a couple ways that you can run Python 3 scripts on your Mac. To run Python 3 from the Terminal, you’ll use the command python3. This is different from the python command which will load up Python 2.7. Python 2 is bundled with Mac OS X. However, Python 3 is not. We recommend that you download and install Python 3, and use Python 3 exclusively when running programs associated with this booksite. Perform these steps to download and install Python, IDLE, Tkinter, NumPy, and PyGame: Browse to the Python for Mac download page.
To start, we need to get some things straight.
Programs are recipes you write to make your computer do things. These recipes are written in aprogramming language, which is a language close enough to human for you to write, and organized enough for a computer to read. Python is one of the most popular programming languages.
When you write a program, you’re just writing a text file (similar to a word document, or an email, or a short story). Windows xp service pack 3 patch for sp2 free download.
When you run a program, you’re giving that text file to Python, and Python is making your computer do stuff.
Programs can do all kinds of stuff, like printing, calculating with numbers, reading a website, or sending a file.
The first program we’re going to write in this tutorial is the classic “Hello World”. Our version will print the words “Hi, Everybody!” onto the screen.
When you’re beginning to learn to program, it’s hard to do all the fancy graphics necessary to make a website or a phone app. So, to start out, most programmers learn to program using the command line. The command line is a program where you type commands and the computer outputs results. It looks like something used by old school hackers on television:
The command line is where you’ll run your first few programs. But it’s not where you’ll write them. Just as there are good places to write documents (Microsoft Word) and emails (Gmail), and good places to edit photos (Photoshop) and draw pictures (Illustrator), there are good places to write programs.
Since programs are written in text, it’s good to write them in a text editor. A text editor is just a program for writing. https://beamenergy248.weebly.com/van-games-for-kids.html. Microsoft Word and Gmail are text editors, but they have special features which get in the way of writing programs.
Programming has its own text editors. They range from the very light weight (some programmers just use a basic notepad) to the very heavyweight (big development environments like Eclipse and Visual Studio will automatically complete some of your code for you).
We will use a middleweight program called Sublime Text. Sublime looks like a simple notepad, but it provides what is called syntax highlighting. Programs are organized text, so showing them in colors helps highlight the important parts:
Sublime Text is available at http://www.sublimetext.com/2. Download the OS X copy, open the dmg file you downloaded, and drag the Sublime icon to your Applications folder. It is also a good idea to add this program to your dock.
The command line program in OS X is called Terminal. You can find it in your Applications folder inside another folder called Utilities.
Open Sublime to a blank file. In that file, write:
Save this file to your home directory as “helloworld.py”.
Later we will learn how to navigate files at the terminal, but for now, saving to your home directory will allow use to run the program without worrying about where it is located.
Notice how after you save the file, Sublime starts highlighting it, turning the word “print” one color, and the text another color. This is because, by naming the file with a “.py” at the end, you’ve helped Sublime to guess that this is a python file, and it has applied Python language highlighting.
Open the Terminal program. Some text is printed to say who you are and when you last logged in, but we’ll worry about that later. Right now, we’re only concerned with the prompt. The prompt is the line you’re currently typing on. You can type anything you want, but when you press enter, your computer will assume you have given it a command and try to execute that command.
We will command the computer to run our new Python program. At the prompt, type the following and press enter:
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On the line below the prompt, the terminal should print:
Below this line, it should print another prompt, indicating that it is waiting for you to give another command.
And there you go! You made the computer print something out to the terminal.
In the Python language, the word “print” tells the computer to output text to the terminal. The text you want to print is wrapped in quotes. So,
tells the computer to print the text “Hi, Everybody!”. https://treetodo974.weebly.com/blog/how-to-use-antisleep-app-mac.
In the next post, you will learn how to use Python to do calculations and print numbers.
Recently I needed to submit a Python app to the Mac App Store. Since there seemed to be no good documentation online for doing this, I had to figure it out myself. Here’s what I learned:
Building a Python app for the Mac App Store
Below I will explain how to make a Python script into a Mac App Store app. I would recommend that you download my example Python app that can be submitted to the Mac App Store and examine its build system while reading the rest of this article.
Get a Python script
First, I assume you already have a Python script that you’d like to package as an application and submit.
My example app uses
src/HelloAppStore.py as the main script.
Make it into a regular app
A Python script, along with its included Python modules and dependencies, can be bundled into a regular Mac app using py2app.
I won’t repeat the py2app documentation, but you generally need to create a
setup.py file that looks something like this:
Then you can build
dist/HelloAppStore.app into a nice double-clickable app by running the command:
My example app runs the above command as part of the
./build-app.sh script.
Alter the app to conform to Mac App Store constraints
There are several additional nontrivial restrictions that must be satisfied before an app can be submitted to the Mac App Store:
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An exhaustive list of restrictions can be found in the Mac App Store Review Guidelines.
Sandboxing
Mac App Store apps must be sandboxed. Sandboxed apps are restricted in several ways, but the most significant restriction is the inability to read/write arbitrary files.
In particular an app cannot write to a file outside of its sandbox container unless a native1 open/save dialog is used to prompt for the location of the file or the file already resides within the app’s container directory.
It’s a good idea to read the App Sandboxing documentation to understand the full set of restrictions and how to overcome them when necessary (and when possible).
My example app enables sandboxing by specifying that
com.apple.security.app-sandbox = true in the src/app.entitlements file. This entitlements file is used in the code-signing process described in the next section.
Code-signing
Mac App Store apps must be code-signed. This means you must go through some extra hoops to generate signing certificates, download them to your dev machine, and alter your build script to sign the final app package with it.
These certificates have to be generated by Apple as part of your Mac Developer Program subscription ($99/year). And renewed annually if you wish to continue making app updates.
Since Python apps are built outside of Xcode, you’ll have to use the
codesign Mac download free oxford dictionary. tool manually to sign your app.
My example app runs the
codesign tool as part of the ./build-app.sh script, recursively signing the inner frameworks, helper tools, and finally the outer application binaries. As part of the signing process the application binaries are also embedded with entitlements, which are used to enable sandboxing.
See the Code Signing Guide for more information about manual code-signing.
Deprecated APIs
Your Python script probably won’t be directly using any deprecated APIs. However your Python script might depend on other libraries that do. Such dependencies can be difficult or impossible to eliminate. Typically you have to modify and recompile the dependency manually.
In particular the very popular wxPython GUI toolkit depends on deprecated QuickTime APIs at the time of writing, making any Python app that depends on it inadmissible to be submitted to the Mac App Store.
My example app has no workarounds for deprecated APIs.
PowerPC Code
Your Python script probably won’t be directly using any old PowerPC code. However, again, your Python script might depend on other libraries that do. In fact Python 2.7 itself includes PowerPC code.
Citrix sso app mac. Luckily any PowerPC code can be stripped out easily using the
lipo tool, so you just need to add some extra lipo commands to your build script.
My example app uses
lipo in the ./build-app.sh script to remove PowerPC code from the python2.7 library.
Large App Icon
If you don’t have an app icon you’ll have to create one. If you do already have an app icon, I’ll bet you it doesn’t meet the minimum 1024x1024 pixel size requirement.
Creating an icon entails creating several images for your icon at various specific sizes, and then using the
iconutil command to generate a final .icns icon file.
My example app contains a
./build-icon.sh script that can be used to generate src/Icon.icns from images in the src/Icon.iconset directory.
See the Icon Design Guidelines in the OS X Human Interface Guidelines for more information about creating icons.
App Store Category
The
Info.plist file inside a Mac App Store app is required to specify what category on the Mac App Store it belongs to under the LSApplicationCategoryType key.
So far as I can tell, the set of valid values for this key is not documented anywhere. Therefore to find new values, I created a new Cocoa Application project in Xcode (where I could specify the app category in a dropdown), compiled the app, and opened its
Info.plist file to see what value it had for the LSApplicationCategoryType key.
Submitting your app to the store
Regular apps written in Objective-C for the Mac App Store are usually submitted directly from within Xcode. This is not an option for Python apps that you build outside of Xcode. Download best vpn for mac.
Instead you have to use an older app submission tool called Application Loader to upload your app. However Application Loader doesn’t submit a
.app package directly; it requires an installer .pkg instead.
An installer package can be built from your
.app using the productbuild tool.
My example app runs the
productbuild tool as part of the ./build-pkg.sh Mac disk format app. script which creates an installer package containing the app.
For more information about the
productbuild tool, see its man page.
Fin
Hopefully you should now have a good idea of what is involved in submitting a Python app to the Mac App Store.
If you’d like to actually try out the process of submitting an app, try building and submitting my example app using the instructions in its README. Super smash bros wii u iso download no survey.
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